The parasitic worms are represented in the fauna of our planet mainly by dignetic saucers (cat bicarry and liver) and ribbon worms (Toro and Pork Tania, wide ribbon, Echinococcus).
The diseases caused by them are called elmintie.The nutrients of the worms are absorbed by a rotating hole or a surface of their body with osmosis.
List of diseases
The elmintosis caused by dishes are classified according to various signs: the method of infection, the number of owners, the forms of life, etc.
Depending on the presence or absence of an intermediate guest, 3 diseases are distinguished:
- Geogelmintosis,in which worms do not need a temporary owner.The worms for Geo -Gogelmintiasis are located in the human body, which is the final master for them.
- Biogelmintosis,Characterized by the fact that the parasites, in addition to the main (final) guest, need an intermediate.
- HimenolepidosisOr otherwise contagious (contact) Elmintie, in which parasites are transmitted from person to person.From the human body, parasites are distinguished by mature, ready for a further invasion.
Depending on the characteristics of the development, pathogens are classified:
- with the invasion method;
- by nature of life in the external environment;
- For value occupied in human pathology.
The reservoir with the baskets can occur in different ways of penetration through the skin, when it swallows worm eggs, with the bite of insect wagons.The migration of parasites is often accompanied by a violation of the integrity of fabrics and organs.
Important!Very often, the baskets are located in the gastrointestinal tract.But some types of helminths have settled in other organs and systems: liver, lungs, bile ducts.
Elmintosis is a common name for diseases caused by the presence of worms.The invasions of specific types of helminths often wear specific names.Here are some of the diseases caused by some types of flat parasites.
Teniarism is a disease that occurs during infection from a bull chain.The invasive is characterized by pronounced toxic-allergic manifestations and dyspeptic disorders.
Tusiarinchosis belongs to biagelmintosis.That is, Toro's Tenia has final guests (person) and intermediate (cattle).The infection occurs by entering the human body of the worms when eating meat cooked in an incorrect way of an infected animal.The parasite is located in the intestine, fixing its walls with suction cups, which at the same time damage the integrity of the intestinal tissue.
Tusiarinchosis often proceeds without symptoms.But in the case of serious injury, the following manifestations of the disease take place:
- dyspepsia;
- nausea;
- bad appetite;
- abundant salivation;
- Feeling of gravity in the epigastria;
- heartburn;
- vomit.
The tenosis is the elmintiasis caused by the infection of pork chain.It is characterized by damage to both individual organs (brain, eyes) and systemic disorders (dyspepsia, violation of the functions of the central nervous system).
Pork tension is a stripes to be parasitic in the small intestine of a person.Parts of his body, together with the eggs, secreted during the intestinal movements, are eaten by pigs, which become an intermediate guest for the tapeworm.In addition to pigs, the role of the latter can play hares, dogs, rabbits, camels.A person is the only final master for Helmint.
For information!They are infected with a chain when using insufficiently welded or fried pork, invasion is possible through water and dirty hands.
The clinical picture of Tusias is similar to the manifestations of teniarincosis, only more pronounced.People infected with the chain can fall in fainting short -term fainting.In the complicated form of tissue tissue and human organs are affected by tension eggs with the formation of incapacular - cystic larvae.Depending on the location of the latter, serious violations of heart and cerebral activity are possible, vision of vision (including complete blindness).
Echinococcosi
Echinococcosi is caused by ribbon worms with alveococcus and echinococcus.
The reservoirs are developing with the participation of two owners:
- intermediate (omnivorous and herbivores, person), in which the larval form of elminto is parasitized;
- Final (PS - Shaking, wolves, foxes), in which they find adults of worms.
Echinococcosi is transmitted to a person of animals, that is, they are in their type of zone invasions.The infection occurs through eggs in hand, vegetables, fruit.
The disease manifests itself in 2 forms:
- single -Chaler (hydrate, cystic);
- and Echinococcosi Multi -Chamber (Alveococcosi).
For man, echinococcosi is the process of formation of cysts (Finn) that arise in various organs: heart, liver, lungs, bones, brain.Perhaps the formation of metastasis that resemble cancer.
Note!The clinic and the severity of the disease are determined by the size and number of cysts, by their location.The bodies concerned are subject to dystrophic changes (atrophy of the parenchyma, sclerosis of the stroma).The products of the metabolism of parasites cause allergic toxic reactions.With a breakage of a festive cyst, anaphylactic shock is not excluded.
Himenolepidosis
The disease is caused by a dwarf tension - a relatively small elminta, if we compare it with other representatives of this class.
Tania has a small head, neck and body divided into members.When its eggs enter the human body, they develop in a larva attached with villi to the intestinal walls.The larvae are transformed into young individuals (cysticecoids), which are an intermediate stage between the larva and the adult elminat.
A cistiscoid is a very dangerous dwarf life for the owner, since cystichemcoids are able to destroy the intestinal walls with the formation of inflammation and erosion.The human body reacts to the defeat of anemia and the signs of poisoning.
The eggs are laid on the adults of the tapeworm.When the elminto reaches a certain length, part of his body with eggs stops and turns off with the feces.The other part remains in the intestine and continues its life cycle.
The invasia by dwarf chain occurs when drinking dirty water, consuming unwashed, buttocks of vegetables and fruit, if tangled with the hands on which there are eggs, faces and lips.
Imbrelepidosis manifests itself from the following main symptoms:
- quick weight loss;
- stomach pain;
- strong weakness.
The disease is diagnosed based on the results of the faecal analysis.The treatment is carried out by synthetic drugs, the doctor prescribes the dose and taking the intake after examining the patient and studying the analysis data.
The main way to prevent infection is to respect cleaning: wash your hands frequent and take a shower, change clothes, keep a bath with the help of effective disinfectants.
Danger to humans
The invasions of the basketballs (imenoholepidosis, dicillotriosis, whatever, cysticchosis, shadowirinchosis) are very dangerous diseases, full of threatening complications of life.
It is worth knowing!The Elminiasis event can be different according to the systems and organs affected by the worms and the degree of infection.With damage to the central nervous system, inadequacy of behavior, paralysis, epileptic convulsions, hyperactivity can occur.The patient can experience headache and dizziness, weakness, insomnia.
Allergic reactions in the form of quincke edema, urticaria or food allergies often occur as an answer to the infection.
Significant digestive disorders can be observed, manifested in the form of diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, stupid or acute cramped pain in the abdomen.In some cases, pancreatitis and cholecystitis can develop.The consequence of a violation of the functionality of the gastrointestinal tract is normally a strong weight loss.
Blood exams can detect hypochromic and eosinophilia anemia.
Prevention
Prevention is mainly reduced to respecting personal hygiene rules.Without this, it is almost impossible to avoid infection, to be in an environment in which elminto eggs are common.No less important from the point of view of the prevention of the invasion is the correct thermal treatment of the meat and other products.
The main recommendations for prevention:
- Make sure to wash your hands when you come back from the street, before meals, after the reference of natural needs.
- Eat only clean and well -licked fruit and vegetables.
- Drink only boiled or bottle water.Filted water can also contain parasite eggs, not to mention the one provided by the water supply without filtering.
- Avoid too close contact with pets: do not let them enter bed, not to kiss.Check "our younger brothers" regularly for helminths, if necessary, contact a veterinary clinic.
- Wash the bed linen more often and racing underpants, in particular the child.
- Keep your immunity correctly.This will allow the body to cope with Helmintias on its own.
- In the presence of circumstances that create an increased risk of infection (business trip or tourist trip to exotic countries, remain in groups where the risk of invasion is high), use the preventive intake of antigelminati.But this must not be done more than 2 times a year with a mandatory consultation with a doctor.
If the infection has occurred, the drugs are prescribed individually by the doctor.These are usually compressed drugs.In more serious cases, injections, angles, irradiation are used.
Traditional medicine, with their correct use, are also effective in the fight against Elminthie.